俞一冰¹，刘玉红^2*，左 言¹，丁 洁²

（1.山东中医药大学中医学院，济南250000；2.山东中医药大学药学院，济南250000）

摘要：枇杷叶具有清肺止咳、降逆止呕的功效，主治肺热咳嗽、气逆喘急、胃热呕吐、烦热口渴等病症。该药既可以单用，也可以与川贝母、苦杏仁、桑白皮等其他中药配伍使用，并衍生出一系列具有保健功能食品，如枇杷茶、枇杷酒、枇杷果糕等。多糖是枇杷叶的主要活性成分之一，不同的提取方法、纯化方法直接影响了多糖得率、结构特征及其生物活性。目前枇杷叶多糖已被证实具有抗氧化、抗肥胖、降血糖、调节肠道菌群和提高免疫力等生物活性，其在食疗保健、医药卫生等领域良好的应用前景。该文对枇杷叶多糖的提取方法、纯化方法、结构特征及生物活性进行综述，总结现有研究不足，并对未来研究方向做出展望，旨在为枇杷叶多糖的深入研究与开发利用提供有益参考。

关键词：枇杷叶多糖；提取；纯化；结构特征；生物活性

中图分类号：R284 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1674-506X（2025）02-0105-0007

Research Progress on Extraction, Purification, Structural Characteristics and Biological Activities of Polysaccharides from Leaves of Eriobotrya japonica

YU Yibing¹, LIU Yuhong^2*, ZUO Yan¹, DING Jie²

(1.School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China;

2.School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China)

Abstract: The leaves of Eriobotrya japonica have the functions of clearing the lungs, stopping coughs, reducing nausea, and stopping vomiting. It is mainly used to treat symptoms like inflammatory lung coughs, asthma, inflammatory stomach vomiting, and thirst caused by inflammation. This medicine can be used alone or in combination with other Chinese medicines such as Fritillaria cirrhosa, bitter apricot kernels, and mulberry bark, and can be made into a series of foods with health benefits such as tea, wine, and fruit cakes of Eriobotrya japonica. The polysaccharide from leaves of Eriobotrya japonica is one of the main active ingredients. Different extraction and purification methods directly affect the yield, structural characteristics, and biological activity of polysaccharides. Currently, the polysaccharides from leaves of Eriobotrya japonica have been proven biological activities such as antioxidation, anti-obesity, lowering blood glucose, regulation of gut microbiota, and improvement of immunity, indicating its good application prospects in the fields of like food therapy, medicine and healthcare. This article provides a review of the extraction and purification methods, structural characteristics, and biological activities of polysaccharides from leaves of Eriobotrya japonica, summarizes the current research deficiencies, and makes prospects for future research directions, aiming to provide useful references for the in-depth research and development of the polysaccharides from leaves of Eriobotrya japonica.

Keywords: polysaccharides from leaves of Eriobotrya japonica; extraction; purification; structural characteristics; biological activities

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-506X.2025.02-014